Experimental and Numerical Study on Rapid Evacuation Characteristics of Staircases in Campus Buildings

In this work, we conducted downward evacuation experiments in four types of staircases under various smoke visibility conditions the naked eye, wearing sunglass and eyeshades. Ten male ten female college students were recruited to conduct as a single male, female, two males supporting one another, females another carrying on his back. The time each floor was recorded. corresponding models established by Pathfinder verified against test data. effects crowd density response considering gender factors simulated using models. results show that experimental condition low visibility, curve presents stable state, whose change with increase floors is not obvious. different indicates have better adaptability environment than females. curves SSP (straight running stairs platform) DSS (double split parallel stairs) are smoother those DPS CS (corner stairs), indicating less pressure congestion during evacuation. During emergency evacuation, platform small. front section flight corner part prone Under influence factors, since longer females, smaller proportion males, growth rate reaction time. With density, effect total becomes smaller.